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===Gyroscopic effects=== | ===Gyroscopic effects=== | ||
One effect of turning the front wheel is a roll moment caused by gyroscopic precession. The magnitude of this moment is proportional to the moment of inertia of the front wheel, its spin rate (forward motion), the rate that the rider turns the front wheel by applying a torque to the handlebars, and the cosine of the angle between the steering axis and the vertical.<ref name="Cossalter"/> | One effect of turning the front wheel is a roll [[Moment (physics)|moment]] caused by gyroscopic [[precession]]. The magnitude of this moment is proportional to the [[moment of inertia]] of the front wheel, its spin rate (forward motion), the rate that the rider turns the front wheel by applying a torque to the handlebars, and the [[Trigonometric_function#Cosine|cosine]] of the angle between the steering axis and the vertical.<ref name="Cossalter"/> | ||
For a sample motorcycle moving at 22 m/s (50 mph) that has a front wheel with a moment of inertia of 0.6 kgm<sup>2</sup>, turning the front wheel one degree in half a second generates a roll moment of 3.5 Nm. In comparison, the lateral force on the front tire as it tracks out from under the motorcycle reaches a maximum of 50 N. This, acting on the 0.6 m (2 ft) height of the center of mass, generates a roll moment of 30 Nm.<ref name="Cossalter"/> | For a sample motorcycle moving at 22 m/s (50 mph) that has a front wheel with a moment of inertia of 0.6 kgm<sup>2</sup>, turning the front wheel one degree in half a second generates a roll moment of 3.5 Nm. In comparison, the lateral force on the front tire as it tracks out from under the motorcycle reaches a maximum of 50 N. This, acting on the 0.6 m (2 ft) height of the center of mass, generates a roll moment of 30 Nm.<ref name="Cossalter"/> | ||
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| accessdate = 2009-12-31}}</ref> and is summed up in a simplified way as "Push the right-hand bar to steer right; push the left-hand bar to steer left". | | accessdate = 2009-12-31}}</ref> and is summed up in a simplified way as "Push the right-hand bar to steer right; push the left-hand bar to steer left". | ||
==Other uses== | |||
The term counter-steering is also used by some authors to refer to the need on bikes to steer in the opposite direction of the turn (negative steering angle) to maintain control in response to significant rear wheel slippage.<ref name="Cossalter"/> | |||
The term is also used in the discussion of the automobile driving technique called [[Drifting (automobile)|drifting]]. | |||
==The Wright Brothers== | ==The Wright Brothers== | ||
Wilbur Wright explains countersteering this way: | [[Wilbur Wright]] explains countersteering this way: | ||
{{Quote| | {{Quote| | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.tonyfoale.com/Articles/Balance/BALANCE.htm Balance and Steering], by Tony Foale | *[http://www.tonyfoale.com/Articles/Balance/BALANCE.htm Balance and Steering], by [[Tony Foale]] | ||
*[http://www.superbikeschool.com/machinery/no-bs-machine.php "No B.S. Machine"] physical experimentation | *[http://www.superbikeschool.com/machinery/no-bs-machine.php "No B.S. Machine"] physical experimentation | ||
[[Category:Cycling]] | |||
[[Category:Motorcycle riding techniques]] | [[Category:Motorcycle riding techniques]] | ||
[[Category:Motorcycle | [[Category:Motorcycle safety]] | ||
[[Category:Mopeds]] | [[Category:Mopeds]] |