Motorcycle chassis
A motorcycle frame includes the head tube that holds the front fork and allows it to pivot. Some motorcycles include the engine as a load-bearing (or stressed) member; this has been used all through motorcycle history but is now becoming more common. The rear suspension being an integral component in the design. Frames have been made from titanium, aluminum, magnesium, steel and carbon-fiber along with a combination of these materials.
The frame provides the supporting skeleton to which the components are attached. A frame must be light, strong and rigid. Although often hidden from view, made of simple materials and manufactured using simple techniques, the frame contributes as much to the "personality" of the motorcycle as any other component. To a large extent, frame geometry determines the motorcycle's handling characteristics.
Frame MaterialsEdit
Frames are traditionally made of steel, aluminum alloy or chrome alloy. Each has its appropriate use. Aluminum alloy is one-third the weight of steel, but also one-third the strength. There is no inherent weight-to-strength advantage for aluminum or steel. Steel is used in traditional triangle frames, where the tubes can be connected in a series of triangles. Steel has properties that make it great for this purpose because it is strong and resistant to fatigue. But the tubed design does not withstand super-bike racing stresses. Aluminum can be designed in boxed tube sections that have greater stiffness for a given weight compared to steel.
SteelEdit
- Examples
Norton Featherbed frame Early Honda CBR600F
AluminumEdit
- Examples
Aluminum and carbon-fibreEdit
- Examples
Bimota SB8K (composed of two aluminum alloy beams and carbon fibre plates)
Carbon FibreEdit
Bimota TESI 3D
TitaniumEdit
- Examples
1971 Titanium Husqvarna
MagnesiumEdit
- Examples
Magnesium and AluminumEdit
- Examples
Aprilia ETV 1000 Caponord (aluminum alloy welded on to aluminum-magnesium alloy castings)
Frame TypesEdit
Modern frames on standard production motorcycles can be grouped into three basic types: tube, pressed steel and monocoque. Tube frames are historically the oldest and now the most common. Tube frames are inexpensive to manufacture yet are light weight and offer good strength and high stability at highway cruising speed. Like bicycle frames, tubed frames come in welded and "tube and lug" varieties. The welded frame is self-explanatory. The tube and lug variety fits the tubes into manufactured joints, much like a tinker toy.
Frames may be either "cradle" or "spine" designs. In the cradle design, single or double downtubes support the engine in the classic bicycle "diamond" design. In a spine design, the engine literally hangs down from the frame. Pressed steel or fabricated sheet metal has been used to create "backbone" frames. These frames consist of stamped sheet metal that is welded together, as shown in the accompanying figure. It is econom-ical, but heavier and less rigid than tube designs. This makes the pressed steel frame ideal for small, inexpensive motorcycles. Although through extensive engineering and use of modern materials, pressed steel frames are also well suited for larger applications.
Pressed frameEdit
The frame is mass-produced by sheet metal pressed or stamped into shape. Typically a single-cradle structure is used.
- Examples
Single cradleEdit
The motorcycle engine is held in a single cradle with a single spine.
Half-duplex cradle frameEdit
The motorcycle engine is held in a double cradle with a single spine and single downtube.
- Examples
(Full) duplex cradle frameEdit
The motorcycle engine is held in a full by two separate cradles, normally with a single spine.
- Examples
Double cradle or perimeter frameEdit
Two cradles follow the perimeter
- Examples
Spine or backbone frameEdit
The motorcycle engine is suspended from a single spine.
- Examples
- Honda CD200-T Benly
- Lots of (new) Triumphs.
BeamEdit
Twin beams join headstock to swingarm pivot in as straight and short a line as possible.
- Examples
MonocoqueEdit
Monocoque frames are an extension of the pressed steel frame. Monocoque frames incorporate many bike components (e.g., fuel tank, rear fender, seat pedestal, engine mount) into cast sections that com-prise the frame structure. Scooters are the classic example. Supports structural load using the external skin of the frame.
- Examples
TrellisEdit
Similar to the beam frame, connecting the steering head and swingarm pivot point directly as possible. The frame is made up of a large number of short steel (or aluminum) tubes welded together to form a trellis.
- Examples
- Most modern Ducatis
- Suzuki SV650
- Kawasaki Versys
- Honda VTR250